Dogs feel separation anxiety - here are ways to help
Before COVID-19, dogs were accustomed to their owners being absent for a large part of the day. During shelter-in-place orders, many dogs got used to some extra attention - maybe an extra walk every day or more snuggles on the couch - because their owners were home more often.
In an article in Texas A&M Today, Dr. Lori Teller, an associate professor in the Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, believes dogs "may experience separation anxiety when their owners return to his or her regular routine."
A dog who gets severely stressed when he is left alone may display symptoms, like whining, barking, howling, panting, drooling excessively, or pacing back and forth.
He might hide or refuse to eat while his owner is gone. More destructive actions also may be exhibited, like pooping or peeing on the floor, chewing on furniture and other objects, scratching or digging.
If a dog does not act in these ways when his owner is home, the behavior can most often be attributed to separation anxiety. But it is advisable to make an appointment with a veterinarian to rule out other health concerns.
Accidents in the house may be linked to medical problems or incomplete training (especially if a dog is still a puppy). As dogs age, they can have trouble waiting to go outside for long periods of time. There are also a number of diseases that can cause incontinence.
Destructive behaviors can also be caused by boredom. Dogs need their minds and bodies exercised to not only decrease stress but also to provide a positive outlet for their energy.
If time allows, help dogs adjust back to their old routines gradually. Leave the home for short periods of time and increase the time away little by little. Teller recommends "identifying high-value treats a pet enjoys, such as food puzzles or toys filled with frozen treats," and only giving these treats before leaving the house.
If all goes well, dogs may actually look forward to owners heading for the door.
Puppies adopted during the pandemic while owners were spending more time at home will need extra care. They only know life with an owner at home and will need additional time to adjust to their new schedule.
Other suggestions to minimize separation anxiety include remaining calm when leaving and returning home. A simple pat on the head and gentle words are best when leaving. Upon returning, wait until he is calm before greeting.
After a morning walk, most dogs are tired and less stressed. Leaving some of his favorite interactive toys around may prompt some solo playtime. Or try leaving a radio or television on with the volume low.
Some dogs respond well to being crated. Their crate becomes a safe place to escape when they are alone. Other dogs do not like to be confined. For dogs with more severe separation anxiety, doggy day care or hiring a pet sitter may be solutions.
There are products containing pheromones that induce a sense of calm and relaxation. Nutraceuticals and prescription medications are also available. Your veterinarian can help you choose which are best for your dog.
Never punish a dog whose behaviors are caused by separation anxiety. He is not misbehaving on purpose; instead, he's acting out from stress. Punishing him may serve to intensify the inappropriate behavior the next time he is left alone.
Separation anxiety is terrible for both dogs and their owners. It is heartbreaking to leave home knowing your dog is left behind in anguish. If he is a chewer, he may break his teeth. If he digs, he may injure his paws. Seek advice as soon as possible - the longer it goes on, the more difficult it can be to manage.
• Diana Stoll is the Practice Manager at Red Barn Animal Hospital with locations in Hampshire and Gilberts. Visit redbarnpetvet.com, or call (847) 683-4788 (Hampshire) or (847) 426-1000 (Gilberts).