Determine the best mix of fertilizer for gardens
Q. Do I have to fertilize the plants in my garden during the summer?
A. Why are we fertilizing? We must remember our main goal is to supplement the SOIL, not the plant. Just because the label says "tomato food" does not mean it must be used exclusively on tomatoes. Take a look at the composition of the NPK on the package. Is the mix 10-30-20 or 10-10-10? Know what you are adding to your soil: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
The first number is the percentage of nitrogen in the bag. This provides plants with the ability to produce more chlorophyll so the plant will grow stronger and darker green in color.
The second number is the percentage of phosphorus in the mix. This aids in root development, flowering ability and bloom size. Remember, an excess of any nutrient is wasteful so a higher number is not always beneficial.
The third number represents potassium. This has many functions in guarding against plant diseases, drought protection and cold tolerance. It improves root development and the process of photosynthesis.
Learn to recognize "needy" plants. Are the leaves diminished in size, pale, or washed out bloom color? Remember, many of the plants you have purchased this spring season are coming from a very nurtured environment in the nurseries so take the time to pamper your plants through the summer.
1. Place them in the right light requirement - shade plants in shade - sun in sun!
2. Water consistently. Letting the plant dry up and then drowning it with water creates a stressful environment for a plant.
3. Consider the native soil the plant is coming from. Some plants such as rhododendrons, azaleas, heather do not obtain essential nutrients from an alkaline soil so they require "acid-loving" fertilizers.
4. Don't want to use fertilizers? One of the best suggestions is to keep your soil's organic matter high by continually layering nutrient rich organic matter such as composted leaves and organic compost into your soil. This is the best "natural" way to provide your plants with the nutrients it needs to grow, bloom and provide you a full summer of enjoyment!
For more information on fertilizer and how to decide when to apply them, visit the following websites:
• extension.illinois.edu/bulbs/planting.cfm
• www.learn2grow.com/gardeningguides/fertilizer/basics/understandingfertilizernumbers.aspx
- Bev Krams
• Provided by Master Gardeners through the Master Gardener Answer Desk, Friendship Park Conservatory, Des Plaines, and University of Illinois Extension, North Cook Branch Office, Arlington Heights. Call (847) 298-3502 Monday, Wednesday and Saturday or (847) 201-4176, ext. 14, on Fridays.