Virginia voters approve redrawing congressional map to favor Democrats
RICHMOND — Virginia voters approved a referendum to draw new congressional districts that could add as many as four Democratic seats to the House of Representatives, the Associated Press projects, awarding Democrats an advantage in the national redistricting war begun by Republicans.
Democrats and their allies poured at least $64 million into the Virginia campaign in a high-stakes bid to counter President Donald Trump’s push to add Republican seats in other states. Voters rewarded the effort, continuing momentum Democrats built with big wins in Virginia’s statewide elections last fall.
The measure was narrowly passing with the vast majority of ballots counted, according to unofficial returns.
Though voters had said in polls that they generally opposed partisan gerrymandering, many said they were willing to approve it for a limited time to send an extraordinary message to the White House.
“Tonight, Virginians sent a message heard across this country: we will not let Donald Trump or MAGA Republicans rig our democracy,” Virginia House Speaker Don Scott (D-Portsmouth), one of the leaders of the redistricting campaign, said in a statement.
Republican had countered that the effort was unconstitutional and a naked power grab. They filed a number of lawsuits to block the referendum and its amendment to the state constitution; several of those challenges are set to be heard by the Supreme Court of Virginia later this week.
“While these weren’t the results we were hoping for, they were not unexpected,” Virginia House GOP Leader Terry Kilgore (R-Scott) said in a statement. “From the start, this process was tilted: misleading ballot language and a massive spending advantage made this an uphill climb for voters trying to make sense of a deeply complicated issue.”
If Democrats were able to pick up four extra seats in Virginia, it would give the party a slight edge over Republicans in the national battle for control of the House - though redistricting efforts in Florida and other Southern states could yet change the math.
The high-profile contest drew a strong turnout for an out-of-season ballot measure election. The Associated Press estimated that 3 million Virginians cast ballots, or 48 percent of registered voters, compared with 55 percent of voters in last year’s gubernatorial election.
“I voted yes because we have to be thinking outside the box” to fight Trump’s policies, said Fairfax County voter Sophie Witucki, 34 with a baby boy swaddled around her chest and pushing a stroller with the boy’s brother and sister. “These are unprecedented times so we can’t abide by the same precedents we always have.”
Early voting began March 6 and nearly 1.37 million early ballots had been cast as of Saturday, according to state figures, compared with about 1.5 million early votes in the 2025 election.
At least $93 million - most of it in untraceable “dark money” - financed the contest, with supporters of the measure outspending opponents. National Democrats view the state as the biggest prize still available in the national redistricting arms race ahead of this fall’s midterm congressional elections.
Trump sparked the costly effort last year by pushing Republican-led states to create more GOP-leaning districts to help his party maintain its thin majority in the House. Texas, North Carolina, Ohio and Missouri responded, and then Democrats counterpunched by passing a referendum to create five new blue-leaning districts in California.
“Virginia voters have spoken, and tonight they approved a temporary measure to push back against a President who claims he is ‘entitled’ to more Republican seats in Congress,” Virginia Gov. Abigail Spanberger (D) said in a statement. “Virginians watched other states go along with those demands without voter input - and we refused to let that stand. We responded the right way: at the ballot box.”
Virginia’s 11 House seats are held by six Democrats and five Republicans, but if voters approved the referendum, Democrats promised to implement a map that gives them an advantage in 10 districts. Five of them would be anchored in deep-blue Northern Virginia and stretch into rural parts of the state. At least two of the new blue districts - one in Hampton Roads and one in the Shenandoah region - would still be close, based on recent election results.
Jeff Ryer, chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia, said in a statement that the new ballot measure leaves “our Commonwealth the most severely gerrymandered state in the nation.”
Many voters who showed up at the polls early Tuesday said they found the onslaught of ads on the measure confusing and overwhelming.
Erin Frank, a 38-year-old physician assistant who described herself as a moderate Democrat, read an online sample of Virginia’s redistricting measure repeatedly on Monday night to figure out what it would actually change in her state.
She voted for it on Tuesday in Alexandria because it would give the Democratic Party a leg up. “If other states aren’t going to play by the rules, we have to have the option to redistrict so that we can have more seats on our side,” she said. “It just gives us an upper hand, and we need that right now.”
But Julian Burke, a 79-year-old Republican, voted against the measure from the same Alexandria precinct, saying that redistricting would further skew the state’s maps - which already have deep-blue areas such as in Northern Virginia - outside of the normal process, which relies on the census and an independent commission.
“It would’ve made Virginia lopsided all the way through 2030, and the Democrats have crazy policies,” he said. “Absolutely nuts.”
The vote-yes campaign in Virginia has raised far more money than its more fragmented opposition. Virginians for Fair Elections, which supports redistricting, reported raising $64 million as of a campaign finance deadline last week. About $40 million of that was contributed by House Majority Forward, a political nonprofit supporting House Democrats and led by House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-New York). The group is not required to report individual donors.
“We’re urging everyone to vote yes to stop the MAGA power grab,” Jeffries said Monday during a news conference. He and Virginia’s top Democrats, who control the state legislature, have held rallies around the state in recent weeks, and former president Barack Obama has appeared in several vote-yes advertisements. Spanberger has also endorsed the campaign, but has not been as gung-ho in support as California Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) was in that state. She initially argued that Democrats could pick up seats without redrawing the maps.
The vote-no campaign has been led by several smaller groups in different parts of the state. Virginians for Fair Maps, the best-funded, is led by former state attorney general Jason S. Miyares and had raised about $19 million as of the most recent deadline. It has not yet been required to disclose any of its donors.
Former governor Glenn Youngkin (R) has joined Miyares for a handful of public vote-no events, while Trump and House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-Louisiana) held a telephone rally for Monday night.
The referendum asks voters whether to amend the Virginia Constitution to temporarily allow partisan redistricting; the state would revert to its existing bipartisan redistricting commission in 2030. The General Assembly preapproved the new map so it would take effect in time to hold primaries Aug. 4 if the measure is approved.
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• Patrick Marley, Teo Armus, Fenit Nirappil and Clara Ence Morse contributed.