Gilbert syndrome usually harmless

Q. This is just a small note to ask if you could tell me what Gilbert syndrome is. My son's doctor said he has it.

A. Gilbert (pronounced zheel-BAYR) syndrome is a mild, inherited condition in which the liver cannot process bilirubin properly. The disorder doesn't usually require treatment, nor does it cause serious complications. About 3 percent to 7 percent of the U.S. population is affected by Gilbert syndrome. More men have the condition than do women.

The syndrome is present from birth but usually causes no symptoms; therefore, it goes undiagnosed. Rarely, it may cause bilirubin levels to go high enough that mild jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin) may occur. Other possible symptoms include episodes of abdominal pain, fatigue and weakness, but it is currently unknown whether these are due to Gilbert syndrome or to other factors, such as stress. Illness, overexertion, menstruation, dehydration and fasting/missing meals may increase the likelihood of developing symptoms.

The disorder is caused when the gene that controls the enzyme that aids the breakdown of bilirubin is present in abnormally low levels because of an abnormality within the gene. There are no known risk factors that increase the chance of getting Gilbert syndrome since it is hereditary.

Because the condition is mild and harmless, treatment is not necessary. Long-term monitoring and blood tests are not generally needed. Any associated jaundice that may appear typically disappears on its own and is often considered harmless.

Unless he has already seen one, I recommend your son consult a liver specialist. From there, any concerns can be brought to the attention of an internist or general practitioner.

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