Pulitzer Prize-winner Claude Sitton dies at 89

ATLANTA (AP) - Journalist Claude Sitton, who set the pace for reporters covering the civil rights movement in the South in the 1950s and '60s and later won a Pulitzer Prize for distinguished commentary, died Tuesday. He was 89.

Sitton's son Clint said his father died Tuesday in Atlanta. He had been under hospice care with heart failure.

Sitton, a Georgia native, began crisscrossing the South for The New York Times in 1958 and became a leading figure among the reporters covering the civil rights struggle, said Hank Klibanoff, who co-authored "The Race Beat: The Press, the Civil Rights Struggle and the Awakening of a Nation."

"What made him the gold standard was that he went where other reporters didn't go, and once he got there they followed," said Klibanoff, former managing editor of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.

Sitton had joined the Times after working as a wire service reporter and for the now-disbanded U.S. Information Agency, serving as a liaison between diplomats and the media. Klibanoff said Sitton felt determined to give an honest account of the racial struggle in his native South and catapulted the newspaper into a leading role in covering the movement.

"It was not that Claude was some flaming liberal or liberator," Klibanoff said. "He just liked a good story and liked to have it first. And frequently he was reporting on injustice - and they knew, on the civil rights side, that if The New York Times wrote about it, it would get attention from important people."

In a 1962 article, Sitton described a voting rights meeting at a church in Terrell County, Georgia, that was interrupted when the sheriff and his deputies entered, demanding information. One smacked his heavy flashlight into his palm while another ran his hand over his cartridge belt and revolver. Sitton opened his account with a direct quote from the sheriff: "We want our colored people to go on living like they have for the last 100 years."

After reading Sitton's front-page report in The Times, Klibanoff said, then-Attorney General Robert Kennedy dispatched a team to Terrell County. They sued the sheriff less than two weeks later.

Sitton "had both a physical and a mental toughness," Klibanoff said. "He was not going to be intimidated ... He felt that as a reporter - certainly as a reporter for The New York Times - it was essential for him to see with his own eyes and not to just be relaying what other people saw."

Veteran Georgia journalist Bill Shipp, who was with Sitton during that Terrell County meeting, said when the sheriff asked Sitton to identify himself, Sitton replied, "I'm an American, sheriff. Who are you?"

"I thought, by God, that's the end of us," Shipp said. "He did not flinch and he didn't back down. He was a brave man. But he was more than just brave. He was a first rate journalist. When Claude was around, we all gathered in his room to compare notes. He was the kind of unofficial squad leader of the reporters covering civil rights."

Sitton later served as The Times' national news editor and went on to become editor of The News & Observer in Raleigh, North Carolina. In 1983, his commentary for that newspaper won the Pulitzer Prize.

Frank Daniels Jr. was general manager of the Raleigh paper when his father and uncle hired Sitton.

"I thought he had the push and aggressiveness and also the ability to listen," Daniels said. "He was aggressive, but he could also be thoughtful. ... He wanted to listen to what people had to say, but he had no fear of people in power."

Sitton's work covering civil rights was one of the reasons that the Daniels' family wanted to hire him.

"He had a very, very human side to him," he said. "He was always concerned about people who were being mistreated by people in power. It was his natural instinct to support them or at least to see if they really were being mistreated. He would have made a damn good lawyer."

Former News & Observer managing editor Hunter George said in an email that "Claude was a crusader."

"He had an absolute conviction of right and wrong, justice and injustice. He was a powerful presence, both in the newsroom and in the state," he said.

He added, "He was a liberal editor in a state that kept sending Jesse Helms to the Senate, and that took courage."

When Sitton retired, the family asked his wife, Eva, what her husband would like for a gift, and she said a horse. So they gave him a horse named Jesse "so he could keep on riding Jesse" - a reference to then-GOP senator.

Sitton returned to Emory to teach in the early 1990s, served as a member of the Board of Counselors of Emory's Oxford College and helped establish Emory's journalism program in the mid-1990s, according to the school.

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Associated Press writers Martha Waggoner in Raleigh, North Carolina, and Jeff Martin in Atlanta contributed to this report.