Lessons they've learned

There's nothing like advice from someone who's been there.

Here's what patients interviewed for this story said helped them the most.

Use your network. If you have doctors, nurses or other medical professionals in your family or circle of friends, call them. Even if they're not the specialty you need, chances are they'll know someone who is.

Bring a tape recorder. You won't necessarily process everything the doctor says the first time you hear it. Tape your consultations so you can review details later.

Do your own research. Look up medical studies at medline.com. Visit the library of a university with a medical school. Find Web sites of advocacy groups. Sometimes these sources provide information not just on what treatments are available, but how those treatments could affect your lifestyle.

Check credentials. When you call to make an appointment, ask whether the doctor has experience treating conditions like yours, in as specific terms as possible.

Get second opinions first. The time for second opinions is at the beginning, not after you've started a course of treatment. Learn all your options before you start.

Ask all your questions. There are no stupid questions.

Give feedback. If you are shying away from a recommended treatment for a particular reason, be honest. Your doctor should present other options and the pros and cons of each.

Share information. The doctors you see should have your complete medical records, including other opinions you've already sought.

Be honest about complementary medicine. If you're using herbs, supplements, acupuncture or other remedies, tell your doctors. It will help them pinpoint potential interactions that could make your treatments less effective.