Activists wave to a bus transferring migrants to an organized camp during an operation to evacuate the makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities began an operation at dawn Tuesday to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni on the Macedonian border, blocking access to the area and sending in more than 400 riot police. (AP Photo/Giannis Papanikos)
The Associated Press
IDOMENI, Greece (AP) - Greek authorities began an operation at dawn Tuesday to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni on the Macedonian border, blocking access to the area and sending in more than 400 riot police.
The government has pledged that police will not use force, and say the operation is expected to last about a week to 10 days.
Police said 13 buses carrying a total 609 people left Idomeni in two batches, heading to new refugee camps in northern Greece. No violence was reported.
The camp, which sprang up at an informal pedestrian border crossing for refugees and migrants heading north to Europe, is home to an estimated 8,400 people - including hundreds of children - mostly from Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq.
At its peak, when Macedonia shut its border in March, it housed more than 14,000, but numbers have declined as people realized the border was shut and began accepting authorities' offers of alternative places to stay.
In Idomeni, most have been living in small camping tents pitched in fields and along railroad tracks, while aid agencies have set up large marquee-style tents to help house people. Greek authorities have been sending in cleaning crews regularly and have provided portable toilets, but conditions have been precarious at best, with heavy rain creating muddy ponds.
In recent weeks, the camp had begun taking on an image of semi-permanence, with refugees setting up small makeshift shops selling everything from cooking utensils to falafel and bread.
More than 54,000 refugees and migrants have been trapped in financially struggling Greece since countries further north shut their land borders to a massive flow of people escaping war and poverty at home. Nearly a million people have passed through Greece, the vast majority arriving on islands from the nearby Turkish coast.
In March, the European Union reached an agreement with Turkey meant to stem the flow and reduce the number of people undertaking the short but perilous sea crossing to Greece, where many have died after their overcrowded, unseaworthy boats sank. Under the deal, anyone arriving clandestinely on Greek islands from the Turkish coast after March 18 faces deportation to Turkey unless they successfully apply for asylum in Greece.
But few want to request asylum in the country, which has been struggling with a deep, six-year financial crisis that has left unemployment hovering at around 24 percent.
Journalists were barred from the camp during the evacuation operation, stopped at a police roadblock a few kilometers (miles) away. Twenty buses carrying various riot police units were seen heading to the area while a police helicopter observed from above. An estimated 700 police were participating in the operation.
Greek authorities are also eager to reopen a railway line - the country's main freight train line to the Balkans - that runs through the camp and has been blocked by protesting camp residents since March 20.
A spokesman for Greek transport companies said Tuesday that the 66-day closure has cost transporters about 6 million euros.
Speaking in Idomeni, Anastassios Saxpelidis said he hoped trains could start running again at the end of this week. He said 200 empty freight carriages are in Greece, waiting to take on goods further north, while 40 loaded carriages are stuck in Macedonia and seven trains in Hungary - all destined for Greece.
The government has been trying to persuade people staying in Idomeni to leave the area and head to organized camps. This week it said its campaign of voluntary evacuations was already working, with police reporting that eight buses carrying about 400 people left Idomeni Sunday. Others took taxis heading to Thessaloniki or a nearby town of Polycastro.
On the eve of the evacuation operation, few at the camp appeared to welcome the news.
"It's much better here than in the camps. That's what everybody who's been there said," Hind Al Mkawi, a 38-year-old refugee from Damascus, told The Associated Press on Monday evening.
She said she had heard of the pending evacuation). "It's not good ... because we've already been here for three months and we'll have to spend at least another six in the camps before relocation. It's a long time. We don't have money or work - what will we do?"
Abdo Rajab, a 22-year-old refugee from Raqqa in Syria, has spent the past three months in Idomeni, and is now considering paying smugglers to be taken to Germany clandestinely.
"We hear that tomorrow we will all go to camps," he said. "I don't mind, but my aim is not reach the camps but to go Germany."
Refugees and migrants wait to embark into the buses during a police operation at a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (Yannis Kolesidis/ANA-MPA via AP)
The Associated Press
A child uses a wheelchair near policemen during a police operation at a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities began an operation at dawn Tuesday to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni on the Macedonian border, blocking access to the area and sending in more than 400 riot police. (Yannis Kolesidis/ANA-MPA via AP)
The Associated Press
Refugees and migrants wait to embark into the buses during a police operation at a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (Yannis Kolesidis/ANA-MPA via AP)
The Associated Press
Policemen stand next to tents during a police operation at a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities began an operation at dawn Tuesday to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni on the Macedonian border, blocking access to the area and sending in more than 400 riot police. (Yannis Kolesidis/ANA-MPA via AP)
The Associated Press
Activists wave to a bus transferring migrants to an organized camp during an operation to evacuate the makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities began an operation at dawn Tuesday to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni on the Macedonian border, blocking access to the area and sending in more than 400 riot police. (AP Photo/Giannis Papanikos)
The Associated Press
Macedonian soldiers watch the evacuation of a makeshift refugee camp by the Greek authorities at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
The Associated Press
Migrants clothes are hang on a fence as the makeshift refugee camp is seen in the background at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
The Associated Press
Media cover the evacuation of a makeshift refugee camp behind a fence at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
The Associated Press
Migrants carry their belongings as they leave from a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
The Associated Press
Buses are parked near tents at a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (AP Photo/Darko Bandic)
The Associated Press
A bus with migrants leave from a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
The Associated Press
Migrants prepare their belongings as they leave from a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (AP Photo/Darko Bandic)
The Associated Press
A police helicopter flies over a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (AP Photo/Darko Bandic)
The Associated Press
Refugees carry their belongings in front of riot policemen during a police operation at a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (Yannis Kolesidis/ANA-MPA via AP)
The Associated Press
A refugee family carry their belongings during a police operation at a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (Yannis Kolesidis/ANA-MPA via AP)
The Associated Press
A refugee smokes as riot policemen stand near the tents at a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (Yannis Kolesidis/ANA-MPA via AP)
The Associated Press
A refugee family carry their belongings during a police operation at a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (Yannis Kolesidis/ANA-MPA via AP)
The Associated Press
A refugee carries his belongings in front of his tent during a police operation at a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (Yannis Kolesidis/ANA-MPA via AP)
The Associated Press
A refugee carries his belongings during a police operation at a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (Yannis Kolesidis/ANA-MPA via AP)
The Associated Press
A refugee boy carries his belongings behind policemen during a police operation at a makeshift refugee camp at the Greek-Macedonian border near the northern Greek village of Idomeni, Tuesday, May 24, 2016. Greek authorities have begun an operation to gradually evacuate the country's largest informal refugee camp of Idomeni, on the Greek-Macedonian border, where more than an estimated 8,400 people have been living for months. (Yannis Kolesidis/ANA-MPA via AP)
The Associated Press